Black Holes: How does a Star become a black hole

Since a long time, we have been listening and reading about Black Holes. Many films have been made on this.

NASA has succeeded in taking photographs of a black hole for the first time. NASA has made these photos public on April 10, 2019. Since then Black Holes are once again in the discussion.

The first image of a black hole:

Now it is a question that after all what is the Black Hole?
The Black Hole is actually a remnant of a dead star.

To understand this, we will have to know all about the stars and their life.

How many stars are in the universe?

It is said that the number of stars present in the cosmos is more than that of sand particles available on Earth’s beaches.

According to estimates, there are approximately 100 billion galaxies in the universe and there are approximately 200 billion stars in every galaxy. Our sun is also a star. 

How do the stars survive?

The function of nuclear fusion continues in the stars. In nuclear fusion, the nuclei of two or more Hydrogen atoms together make a single large nucleus.

But the mass of the newly created nucleus is less than the total mass of the original small nuclei. Actually when two or more nuclei meet together and make a big nucleus, then some part of the original nuclei is destroyed which is converted into energy during this action.

This energy gives the power to the stars.

Albert Einstein has given the formula  E = mc² to calculate this energy.

How does the star end?

Inside the star, nuclear fusion continuously occurs by the Hydrogen nuclei due to which Hydrogen nuclei continue to lose some part of their mass. Due to this, the fuel of the star keeps on reducing.

Finally, a time comes when all the fuel of a star gets finished and the life of the star ends.

According to the estimations, our Sun will also end after about 5 billion years.

How are the Black Holes formed?

The process of nuclear fusion of Hydrogen atoms inside the star keeps on continuously, so the energy keeps on growing. Due to this energy, the star is expanded, but there is also the pressure of gravity on the star, due to which the star continues to be compressed.

Thus continuous fight moves between the gravity of the star and the nuclear fusion that runs inside it. When the fuel of the star, i.e. Hydrogen, is finished and the generation of energy stops, then gravity wins.

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At this stage, due to the pressure of gravity, the center of the star begins to shrink. Ultimately, there is a huge explosion inside the star, which is called Mahanova or Supernova.

After the Supernova, the star becomes a giant Black Hole having huge gravitational power.

There is a boundary line around the Black Hole that is called ‘Event Horizon’. If something goes within the event horizon then it cannot come out of it. Even if the light goes inside it, the center of the star completely absorbs the light, due to which the light cannot come out.

Therefore it appears like a black circle. This is the reason that they are called Black Holes.

How are the Black Holes identified:

As we have discussed above that due to the immense gravity of the black hole, the light cannot come out of it, so it takes the form of a dark black circle. A black hole cannot be seen by anyone, but it affects the surrounding bodies in the space due to its immense gravity.

If a body in the space appears to be attracted to a dark circle then probably the dark circle may be a Black Hole.

In the same way, if two planets are rotating in their orbit in the space and a dark circle is also found to be rotating between them, then this circle may be a black hole.

In this way, Black Holes are detected by scientists.

Who gave the black hole theory:

The first time, Professor John Michael of Cambridge University had expressed ideas about black holes in 1783.

Among the modern scientists, Stephen Hawking is a very prominent name in researching black holes.

He gave the Black Hole theory in 1974. He has done remarkable work in this field. Research on Black Hole is considered as one of his main work.

Conclusion

Space scientists have made a lot of research on Black Holes. The research on it is still going on. Recently NASA has become successful first time in obtaining the pictures of a Black Hole.

But it seems that out of the countless mysteries of the immense universe, Black Hole is also a mystery about which there is still a lot to know for the world.